+ i!Rt^RIHtHt^RIHtHt^RIHt^RI H t ^RI H t H t HtHtHtRRltRR ltR R ltR R ltRRltRRltRRltRRltRRltR#)u Page labels are shown by PDF viewers as "the page number". A page has a numeric index, starting at 0. Additionally, the page has a label. In the most simple case: label = index + 1 However, the title page and the table of contents might have Roman numerals as page labels. This makes things more complicated. Example 1 --------- >>> reader.root_object["/PageLabels"]["/Nums"] [0, IndirectObject(18, 0, 139929798197504), 8, IndirectObject(19, 0, 139929798197504)] >>> reader.get_object(reader.root_object["/PageLabels"]["/Nums"][1]) {'/S': '/r'} >>> reader.get_object(reader.root_object["/PageLabels"]["/Nums"][3]) {'/S': '/D'} Example 2 --------- The following is a document with pages labeled i, ii, iii, iv, 1, 2, 3, A-8, A-9, ... 1 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /PageLabels << /Nums [ 0 << /S /r >> 4 << /S /D >> 7 << /S /D /P ( A- ) /St 8 >> % A number tree containing % three page label dictionaries ] >> ... >> endobj §12.4.2 PDF Specification 1.7 and 2.0 ===================================== Entries in a page label dictionary ---------------------------------- The /S key: D Decimal Arabic numerals R Uppercase Roman numerals r Lowercase Roman numerals A Uppercase letters (A to Z for the first 26 pages, AA to ZZ for the next 26, and so on) a Lowercase letters (a to z for the first 26 pages, aa to zz for the next 26, and so on) )CallableIterator)Optionalcast)PdfCommonDocProtocol)logger_warning) ArrayObjectDictionaryObject NullObject NumberObjectis_null_or_nonec0V^8dQhR\R\/#numreturnintstr)formats"X/Users/agent/.openclaw/workspace/venv/lib/python3.14/site-packages/pypdf/_page_labels.py __annotate__rKs))))c^a.ROoRV3RllpRP\V!V444#)cFV^8dQhR\R\\,/#r)rrr)rs"rr4number2uppercase_roman_numeral..__annotate__\ssx}rc3<"SF5wr\W4wr4W#,xWV,,pV^8:gK4R# R#5i)N)divmod)rdecimal roman_reprx_romans& r roman_num1number2uppercase_roman_numeral..roman_num\s=#( G#'DA. Q; Cax $)s 2AA) )rM)iCM)iD)iCD)dC)ZXC)2L)(XL) X) IX)V)IV)I)joinlist)rr%r$s& @rnumber2uppercase_roman_numeralr@Ks. E  774 #' ((rc0V^8dQhR\R\/#rnumberrr)rs"rrrgs::3:3:rc4\V4P4#N)r@lowerrCs&rnumber2lowercase_roman_numeralrHgs )& 1 7 7 99rc0V^8dQhR\R\/#rBr)rs"rrrks  C C rc6V^8:d \R4h\\R4\R4^,4Uu.uFp\V4NK ppRpV^8d<V^,pV^8Xd^pW$^, ,V,pW,pV^,pKBV#uupi)rzExpecting a positive numberAZr') ValueErrorrangeordchr)rCialphabetrep remainders& rnumber2uppercase_letterrUks {677 %c#hC1 => =1A =H> C 1*RK >I1}%+2 J?sBc0V^8dQhR\R\/#rBr)rs"rrr{s33C3C3rc4\V4P4#rE)rUrFrGs&rnumber2lowercase_letterrX{s "6 * 0 0 22rc<V^8dQhR\R\R\/#)rdictionary_objectindexr)r rr)rs"rrrs'"B"B+;"BC"BC"Brc X\\VR,4p^pRp^pV\V48d^W#,pW#^,,P4pV^,\V48XdM W#^,,V8dM V^, pKmRRR\R\ R\ R\R\/p\V\4'g\ V^,4#VPR^4pVPR R 4pWdPR 4,p W!W, V,4,#) /NumsNcR#)r')r#s&r%get_label_from_nums..srz/Dz/Rz/rz/Az/az/Stz/Pr'z/S) rrlen get_objectrr@rHrUrX isinstancedictget) rZr[numsrQvalue start_indexmstartprefixmapping_functions && rget_label_from_numsrns  .w7 8D A EK c$i-g U &&( q5CI   A;   Q l c , , % % 4A eT " "519~ IIeQ E YYtR F4) $U%85%@A AArc<V^8dQhR\R\R\/#)rreaderr[r)rrr)rs"rrrs"..,.S.S.rc\\VP4pRV9d\V^,4#\\VR,P 44pRV9d \ W14#RV9d\ VR,\4'g^pV^d8d\\\,VR,4pVFp\\\,VR,4pV^,Tu;8:dV^,8:gKDMKH\VPRR44'g!V^, pV^d8Xd \R4hTpK\ Wa4u# \RV R2\4\V^,4#) z See 7.9.7 "Number Trees". Args: reader: The PdfReader index: The index of the page Returns: The label of the page, e.g. "iv" or "4". z /PageLabelsr]z/Kidsz/LimitsNz"Too deep nesting is not supported.z,Could not reliably determine page label for .)rr root_objectrrcrnrdr r?rr rfNotImplementedErrorr__name__)rpr[root number_treelevelkidskidlimitss&& r index2labelr|sC  &"4"4 5DD 519~'m)<)G)G)IJK+";66+jW1Ez&R&Rck-. G0DEDd3iY8!9222*3777D+ABB  C<"5 D#'* .s::&A%JHU uqy>rc@V^8dQhR\R\R\RR/#)rkeyrhrgrN)r r r)rs"rrrs0"" " " " "rcT\V4^,^8wd \R4h\V4pV^8wd WV^, ,8:d V^, pK&V\V48dWV,8XdWV^,&R#VPW04VPV^,V4R#)z Insert a key, value pair in a Nums array. See 7.9.7 "Number Trees". Args: key: number key of the entry value: value of the entry nums: Nums array to modify 6A nums like array must have an even number of elementsN)rbrMinsert)r~rhrgrQs&&& r nums_insertrs  4y1}QRR D A q&SQK' E3t9}QQU  A AE5!rc@V^8dQhR\R\R\RR/#)rr~ page_index_torgrN)r rr)rs"rrrs0   rc"\V4^,^8wd \R4hW8d \R4hVPV4^,pV\V48d4W#,V8:d%VPV4VPV4KAR#R#)z Remove all entries in a number tree in a range after an entry. See 7.9.7 "Number Trees". Args: key: number key of the entry before the range page_index_to: The page index of the upper limit of the range nums: Nums array to modify rz/page_index_to must be greater or equal than keyN)rbrMr[pop)r~rrgrQs&&& rnums_clear_rangersu  4y1}QRRJKK 3!A c$i-DG}4    5-rc V^8dQhR\R\R\\\,\\,3,/#)rr~rgr)r rtuplerr )rs"rrrs;   8L !8,<#= =>rc\V4^,^8wd \R4hVPV4^,pV\V48dW,W^,,3#R#)z Return the (key, value) pair of the entry after the given one. See 7.9.7 "Number Trees". Args: key: number key of the entry nums: Nums array r)NN)rbrMr[)r~rgrQs&& r nums_nextrsV 4y1}QRR 3!A3t9}!e%% rN)__doc__collections.abcrrtypingrr _protocolsr_utilsrgenericrr r r r r@rHrUrXrnr|rrrr_rrrsS:x/!,")8:  3"BJ.b"<6r